The Taiping (Great Peace) Heavenly Kingdom and Synthesis of Chinese/Western Ideas
The Taipings visualized a system of complete social and gender equality (Spence, 173), based on their idea of the kingdom of heaven realized on earth. Their Earthly Pardise was closely patterned after the Judaic vision of heaven--where heaven and earth were so close that angels could climb up to heaven through a ladder, as reflected in Jacob's dreams. (Genesis 28; quoted in Spence, 178) Indeed much of the Taiping interpretations of Christianity reflected emphases along Chinese cultural traditions. In this particular case, there was no systematic description of heaven or established religion in Chinese history, and Confucian learning was focused on activities in this world, which probably reinforced Hong's belief in a heaven on earth, rather than the kingdom of heaven of medieval European Christians. Now that the Taipings captured Nanjing, historically a capital of China, they could finally implement their ideals for their earthly paradise.
What is interesting about the organization of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was its style of synthesis of Chinese and Western elements was (unwittingly) so characteristic of later political organizations to come, including the modern Chinese political parties: the Nationalist Party (1912- ), and the Communist Party (1921- ), not in exact content, but in the approaches to Chinese and Western learning. Therefore exploring how the Taipings synthesized Chinese traditions and Christianity provides a good approach to understanding later modern Chinese political organizations.