Primates mid-term Open Book & Notes 2002 Two hour time limit (not including today’s quiz)

SHORT ESSAYS these are 45% of the mid term exam. ANSWER ANY THREE; you may answer a FOURTH one for a few BONUS points (Mark the one that is a bonus). HINT: it may not be a good idea to choose one because you think it is easy, as that may mean you don’t know enough about the topic to get a good score. Remember, the purpose of an essay is for you to show me what you have learned. USE THE BLUE BOOKS; START EACH ANSWER ON A NEW PAGE; DON’T WRITE OUT THE QUESTION, JUST USE THE NUMBER:

1. List and explain eight general characteristics that help to distinguish primates from other mammals.

2. Many primate species are in danger of extinction; what are the specific reasons and causes of this threat? Why are some species (and some whole groups of primates) in danger while others are not? What can humans do to give them a better chance of survival?

3. Name three primate genera, each from a different major group, that specialize in eating exudates; identify as many as you can of the convergences of anatomy and behavior that they exhibit that probably relate to this dietary adaptation.

4. What are the general and detailed differences between prosimians and anthropoids? (Ignore tarsiers, but do list as many traits as you can for lemur/loris vs. anthropoids.)

5. Larger animals differ from similar smaller species in many predictable ways; describe as many as you can, such as life history, locomotion, birth and sex, diet, IM, tails, use of the environment, substrates, range, etc.

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a social group (as opposed to living a solitary life? Consider both the individual and the species.

7. You are writing a children’s book about primates; for the chapter on Prosimians, give a simple explanation that characterizes each of the eight families, and points out how each family is unique. Families:                   Cheirogalids           Lemurids                 Indrids           Daubentoniids

                     Megalidapids           Lorids                      Galagonids              Tarsiids

20 pts. Anthropoid family/subfamily fill ins, using Falk’s taxonomy; the possible answers are:

                                           CALLITRICHINES                                             ATELIDS

                                CERCOPITHECINES                                         COLOBINES

                     HYLOBATIDS                                                    PONGIDS (including the African apes))

1. Four genera of these have prehensile tails:________________

2. These have 18 claw-like nails____________

3. These are called cheek-pouch monkeys ______________

4. These are called leaf-eating monkeys________________

5. These make nests to sleep in______________ 

6. Which TWO monkey groups have ischial callosities?___________ & ____________

7. Which is characterized by a 2.1.3.3 dentition?

8. Which group includes the smallest anthropoid? ____________

9. Which group has Y-5 molars? ______________

10. Which group includes several species that have long, hooked fingers, and arms that are longer than their legs?______________

11. Which group have mostly twin births? ____________

12. Which are the Catarrhines with tails? _________________ & __________________

13. Which group includes the monkeys who are good brachiators? ________________

14. The larger ones have the species name syndactylus ___________________

15. Gum is a favorite food for many of these _________________

16. The only nocturnal anthropoid belongs to this group___________

17. These all have sacculated stomachs __________________ 

18. Which is characterized by a 2.1.3.2 dentition? ___________

19. Which two have a coccyx instead of an external tail? __________ & __________

20. Which two have outward pointing nostrils? ___________ & ________________

30 pts of trivia questions: FILL IN AS REQUIRED:

1. What level of taxa have names that end in -IOD? ___________

2. Which ape is the most terrestrial? ______________

3. Which Great Ape does not knuckle-walk? _____________

4. Which Great Ape lives in Sumatra? ___________________

5. What is the name of the big island just south of the Comoros? __________

6. What animal did Jane Goodall study? ____________

7. Which monkey is most closely related to the Squirrel monkey? _______________

8. Which ape lives in harems? ______________

9. Which ape lives in noyaus? _______________

10. Which ape is monogamous? _________________

11. Which primate species is famous for stink fights? (Latin name) _____________

12. Which is the “woodpecker” primate? _____________

13. Which is the “owl” primate? ______________________

14. Which is only the primate found in the Phillippines? _____________

15. Name a primate that eats poisonous plants ________________

16. Name a primate that eats poisonous insects _______________

17. Which is the largest nocturnal primate? _________________

18. Which is the smallest primate? ___________________

19. Which is the largest extant primate in Madagascar? _____________

20. Which is the smallest monkey? _____________

21. Which is the only nocturnal anthropoid? ______________

22. What primate is native to Australia? __________________

23. What is another name for the Muriqui? ____________

24. Which primate has hardly any index finger: _________ 

25. Which primate has the long skinny middle finger _________ 

26. Which is a prosimian but not a strepsirhine ______ 

27. Which is big and white and hops bipedally when on the ground ____________________

28. Which is the organ grinder monkey ____________ 

29. Which primate has the largest body size in the wild? ________________

30. Which is the primate with the sharp bony spines on the back of its neck? __________

Which one is associated with most species with a low degree of sexual dimorphism (in the usual sense)?

A. MMMF troops with a competitive dominance hierarchy       B. Harems           C. Noyau 

D. Living in a dangerous, mostly terrestrial habitat.               E. Males do not fight over females

 Which is the proper form?

A. Saimiri sciureus            B. Saimiri sciureus             C. Saimiri Sciureus           D. Saimiri Sciureus

Name a primate that hibernates: ________________

The extant members of the family Megalidapidae are sometimes given the family name: _______

What the heck is a petrosal bulla, anyway?

Print your name -_______________________________________

BONUSES (only 2 points each):

Dr Mucci keeps getting confused because CEBID now refers to marmosets, tamarins, Goeldi’s, capuchins, and squirrels (and maybe even Aotus and Callicebus); what animals did cebid used to refer to?

If you know a lot about mammals, you know there are a few species that have no fur, no hair at all, such as the naked mole rat; what is there about primate behavior that prevents primates from being hairless; how are almost hairless humans different in that behavior?